Essay Questions Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Questions - Essay Example , the khalifa, although with no prophetic function, continued as the leader of the Umayyads, with an ideology of unity and power of Islamic communities. This gave rise to the third Islamic ideology of jihad, i.e warfare, meant to defend or expand their rule and eliminate the monopoly of the Arabic rule. In Islam, religion dictates law. Hence, the propositions of jihad allowed war against non-Muslims, prohibited war within Muslims and usage of violence was allowed only to spread Islam. After the death of the last Umma leader, the Umayyads merely remained as an insignificant group as the Abbasid revolution started (747-750), with their new caliph Abu-al-Abbas-al-Saffah, and this group flourished until 1258, holding the power in Baghdad (Steams & Langer, 113). Although the Umayyads, Caliphates, and jihadis share Islamic ideologies, history revealed huge differences among these communities attributing to various interpretations of Quranic teachings. Enormous political and military oppositions emerged during the Islamicate period. The Umayyads were strongly united only until death of Uthman. Post this, intra-Muslim war broke out and continued up to a century. This war marked the beginning of Umayyads and Abbasids as two separate groups, and the Abbasids expanded vastly and for a very long period (Pipes, 67). Although the Abbasids raged war against non cooperative groups, their intention remained to create an atmosphere of peace through Islam. They invited and supported non-Muslim conversion to Islam to a great extent along with a commitment to provide security to all the Muslims. This security and noble causes helped the Abbasids expand their territory and flourish for many centuries. Therefore, the role of Abbasids in expanding Dar-al-Islam was greater than the Umayyads. The Ottoman Empire is considered as one of the largest and most influential Muslim empires of the later medieval ages. These invasions influenced trade, culture, politics and lifestyle

Service Line Development Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Service Line Development - Term Paper Example Self paying patients have increased from 5 to 8%. These changes have been accompanied by a reduction in revenue from $461.5 million to $427 million – a 7.5% decline. This decline has led to a decline in the hospital’s profit margin from $23.075 million to a negative of $1.495 million – a decline of 106.5%. This decline in revenue appears to have been initiated by the loss of the Obstetrics program and the erosion of general surgery volumes. The number of discharges, patient days, ADC, Surgeries, OP visits and ED visits. The only increase is related to ALOS which increased from 4.0 to 4.3. Zuckerman et al (2002) noted that mandatory health maintenance organizations (HMO) programs have had a positive impact on both adults and children and has resulted in less dependence on emergency room for medical care. There is an increase in the use of preventative care. Zuckerman et al (2002) also pointed to differences in access between people enrolled in Medicaid managed car e and low-income privately insured people. This difference seems to have positively impacted the percentage of patients using Medicaid and Medicare while negatively impacting the percentage of patients using the facility who are insured. Gaynor and Haas-Wilson (1999, p. ... The memos and telephone conversations seem to be pointing towards the legislative mindset of reducing payments to hospitals. There are also changes in how physicians are reimbursed and this has implications for health care in the county. However, although everyone is affected Robert Holland who is not directly employed in the health sector appears to be the only person who knows how to impact the legislative changes to the health care policy. There is an urgent need for improvement in health care policies and the suggestion made by Robert Holland to the CEO – Morgan Reece of working more closely with the Hospital Political Action Committee in order to frame feedback to the legislators is a good one. A member of the hospital board - Dr. Joint, who does not work at the Trinity Community Hospital is concerned that Congress wants to either reduce reimbursement or keep it at the same level while opening the doors of medical facilities to millions. Dr. Joint indicates that the payme nt to physician is not keeping up with cost increases and so the hospital will not be able to recruit any new doctors. This seems to have been the problem when the Obstetrics service was discontinued at the hospital. There is obviously a shortage of doctors which can have crippling effects on health services. This will also turn people away from public health facilities as they will prefer to pay more for private services in order to ensure that they receive quality health care. It therefore means that those who cannot afford private care are the only ones who will visit the hospital. Currently, only some basic provisions can be dealt with in relation to

Cases and Materials on the Law of Restitution Assignment

Cases and Materials on the Law of Restitution - Assignment Example In normal parlance, English did not cognize a law of restitution footed on the cannons of reversing unjust enrichment. It is to be noted, the passing comment made by the great judges like Lord Wright in Fibrosa and Lord Mansfield in Moses v Macferlan was mostly uncared for the restitution till 1966. (Gilliker 2007:101). Goff and Jones in 1966 published â€Å"the Law of Restitution† which assaulted the customary English approach and tried to show that, looking across both equity and common law, there is a coherent English law of restitution, which is footed on the cannon of putting back unjust enrichment. The above authors viewed the law of restitution as belonging alongside tort and contract as a third branch of the law of obligations. Slowly, Goff and Jones’s findings gained momentum in legal practitioners, academia and judges, thereby ending in the acknowledgment by House of Lords the law of restitution in Lipkin Gorman v Karpnale Ltd in 1991, which can be considered as Donoghue v Stevenson1 of the law of Restitution. In Woolwich Equitable Building Society v IRC, the cannon of unjust enrichment was relied upon by the Lordships to deliver a sweeping decision that in case of payment demanded by a public authority ultra vis, a claimant is entitled as of right to restitution against the same. Thereafter, unambiguous reference to unjust enrichment as the source of the claims made by judges at all categories in various cases in the UK. (Burrows, Mthe Kendrick & Edelman 2007:1). English courts have generally been reluctant to acknowledge restitution as a separate norm of recovery due to the availability of the substitute legal remedies under common law like recovery such recoveries and quantum valebat and the doctrine of waiver that is available inequitable and tort claims. Nonetheless, the law of restitution is often confused through the English courts’ synthesis of equity and contract founded reliefs vindicated under the head of restitution. I t is to be noted that the inherent issues with the restitution footed claims are the doctrinal complexity of measuring the notion of unjust enrichment. In the case Westdeutsche Landesbank Girozentrale v Islington LBC, the underlying aim of restitution has frequently been puzzled with equitable trust law notions, thereby increasing the perplexity in this domain of law as corroborated by the main issue in the above case being swap litigation. (Burrows et al 2007:40). The English courts have given for the claims under restitution a synthetic â€Å"quasi-contract† hypothesis, which is damned for being â€Å"intrinsically hollow, mirroring a vague concept. The core issue in applying the quasi-contract rationale is that in restitution claims, the defendants were being demanded to make payment on the footage of wrongdoing without any backing doctrinal rationale for making such damage payment to the claimant under logical legal standards.

Sociological Analysis of the Crucible Essay Example for Free

Sociological Analysis of the Crucible Essay Sometimes, the person who should be the one wielding the power has none at all. In Arthur Miller’s play, The Crucible, he recounts the events of the Salem Witch Trials. As he tells the events that occurred, he clearly paints out who held the power and who should have been in power during the trials. In Miller’s play, the person who holds the most power in Salem during the Witch Trials is Abigail Williams. Despite being a child and an orphan, for her parents had died and she was sent to live her uncle Mr. Parris, she was able to gain unlimited power during this short span of time. When Mr. Parris caught her and other local girls out dancing at night, she threatened the others, â€Å"Let either of you breathe a word, or the edge of a word, about the other things, or I will come to you in the black of some terrible night†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (20), and they listened to her. None of the girls would speak against Abigail, and when Mary Warren did, the other girls did not join Mary; they protected Abigail and listened to her every word. As the play goes on, Abigail gains more and more power, accusing people in the town as witches. At the end of Act 1, Abigail cries out to Reverend Hale, â€Å"I want the light of God†¦ I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil!†(48). Unfortunately for the accused, they were arrested and were tried by Judge Danforth, and were found to be guilty of witchcraft. Abigail becomes a saint in Salem, saving the villagers from the witches; however, little do they know, Abigail is using her newfound power for her own good. When she accuses Goody Proctor of being a witch, no one questions her; Abigail is helping the town out. But, the reason she accuses Goody Proctor is because Abigail secretly wants to be with John Proctor, Goody Proctor’s husband. When John Proctor defends his wife in court, he confesses to adultery with Abigail, and tells them that is why Abigail accused Goody Proctor in the first place. John Proctor tells Judge Danforth, â€Å"But it is a whore’s vengeance†¦ she thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave!à ¢â‚¬ (110). Nether less, Abigail has power that John Proctor does not, she can ‘see’ the Devil, and Danforth believes her. Abigail Williams has the power in Salem, though she does not deserve it. Though Abigail has authority in Salem, the one who really deserves the power is John Proctor. Throughout the whole affair, Proctor is the only one who knows what is right and what is wrong. When Mr. Cheever comes to Proctor’s house to collect his wife, Goody Proctor, Proctor tells them, â€Å"Is the accuser always holy now? We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are dangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!†(77). Proctor accurately sums up the situation in Salem, yet no one with any real power believes him, and they all discount him. Later on in the play, Proctor tells Judge Danforth, â€Å"I believe she means to murder,† (104). John Proctor was trying to tell the Judge that Abigail really was a bad person, not the saint she was painted out to be. But, Judge Danforth was under Abigail’s spell, and didn’t listen to John Proctor, even though he was the only person who actually was thinking clearly during this whole situation. John Proctor was the only who kept clear head during the Salem Witch Trials, and if he had held the power, not Abigail, things would have changed drastically. In The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, the events of the Salem Witch Trials are recounted. As the play continues, Miller accurately shows who has the power and who should have had the power. Abigail Williams, despite being an orphan, was hailed as a saint and everyone listened to what she said; however, she was a liar and a whore. John Proctor, who was accused of being a witch and was never listened to, had a clear head and understood what was happening unlike the other villagers. The Salem Witch Trials could have been avoided if the power had been taken out of Abigail’s hand and given to John.

Irregularities in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Irregularities in Othello  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   The Shakespearean tragedy Othello contains various irregularities of time and occurrence which cause the audience to scratch their head in wonder and doubt. Let us analyze some of these shortcomings in this essay.    In the Introduction to The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode explains one of the difficulties in Othello:    Othello murders his wife on the second night in Cyprus. The difficulty, of which Shakespeare was clearly aware, arises from the fact that this leaves no time for her to have had â€Å"stol’n hours of lust,† certainly not to have enjoyed them repeatedly, as Iago alleges. In such allusions to frequent adultery as III.iii.340-43 and V.ii.211-12, Shakespeare slides over from Short to Long Time very successfully; the audience is not invited to consider that Othello is forgetting that Desdemona was not in the same ship as Cassio, and has had no chance since. We accept it as possible for her to have been unfaithful, though we know she was not. (1199)    Consider the basic plot and what a â€Å"house of cards† it is. Without extreme good luck, such a plot would not be possible. A. C. Bradley, in his book of literary criticism, Shakespearean Tragedy, describes the important â€Å"accidents† that befell the antagonist during his deception of the general:    The skill of Iago was extraordinary, but so was his good fortune. Again and again a chance word from Desdemona, a chance meeting of Othello and Cassio, a question which starts to our lips and which anyone but Othello would have asked, would have destroyed Iago’s plot and ended his life. In their stead, Desdemona drops her handkerchief at the moment most favourable to him, Cassio blunders into the presence of Othe... ...ally to be moving in the right direction. (329)          WORKS CITED    Bradley, A. C.. Shakespearean Tragedy. New York: Penguin, 1991.    Heilman, Robert B. â€Å"Wit and Witchcraft: an Approach to Othello.† Shakespeare: Modern Essays in Criticism. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. Rev. Ed. Rpt. from The Sewanee Review, LXIV, 1 (Winter 1956), 1-4, 8-10; and Arizona Quarterly (Spring 1956), pp.5-16.    Kermode, Frank. Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974.    Mack, Maynard. Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB: University of Nebraska Press, 1993.    Muir, Kenneth. Introduction. William Shakespeare: Othello. New York: Penguin Books, 1968.    Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Canada: University of Toronto Press, 1957.         

A Midsummer Nights Dream by William Shakespeare :: A Midsummer Nights Dream, William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is very unique because there is a play within a play. Shakespeare uses the interesting qualities of the characters to narrate the play. The characters can be divided into four groups: The Athenian Court (The Duke, Hippolyta, Egeus, and Philostrate); the young lovers (Hermia, Lysander, Helena, and Demetrius); the fairy kingdom (Oberon, Titania, Puck, and the lesser fairies); and the workmen (Bottom, Quince, Flute, Snout, Starveling, and Snug). The Athenian court is the obvious upper class division of scoiety in Athens. Theseus is head of the Athenian state and his role is to maintain justice. Hippolyta is Theseus's new bride and shows sympathy to the young lovers. Both Theseus and Hippolyta are classified as legendary characters and collectively show their maturity and commitment to marriage. Egeus is a stubborn father whose character loses worth toward the end of the plot, while Philostrate's part is short and undeveloped. Despite being a group, the young lovers are more interesting than the Athenian court. 2 The male young lovers are somewhat similar in qualities. They are young and fall in and out of love quickly. For example Demetrius and Lysander both reject a girl they once loved; they fight over a one girl and then over the other. On the other hand, Hermia and Helena are not as similar because Hermia is short and Helena is tall. These characters are more interesting than the Athenian court because they provide the theme of commitment and being unfaithful. The young lovers are touched by magic by the fairy kingdom members. A member of the fairy kingdom, Oberon is resentful and generous at that the same time. Case in point, Oberon is resentful toward Titania refuses to hand over her boy, and generous in his attempt to make things go well for the the young lovers. Titania is a strong individual and stands up for herself against Oberon. But Titania too also is generous showing love for Bottom. Lastly, Puck is as servant for Oberon and does exactly what he says. Unfortunately he does not do everything correctly. For instance, Oberon requests that Puck use magic on Demetrius to return Helena's love, however he employs the magic upon Lysander instead. Puck means well but isn't necessarily given the respect due to him.

Adelphia Communications Corporation

Adelphia Communications Corporation was one of the leading cable companies before filing for bankruptcy in the year 2002 due to gross internal corruption which led to the conviction of some of its leading directors and board members.It was established in 1952 after its founder John Rigas purchased Cable Company for three hundred dollars as a hedge for the lost sales of his theater company. It was bought in Couldersport, Pennsylvania and this remained the company's headquarters until the bankruptcy file.Shortly after filling for bankruptcy, the company's headquarters moved to Greenwood Village in Colorado. Most of its major assets were acquired by Time Warner Cable and Comcast in the year 2006 and its remaining assets are being auctioned online by a company known as LFC which in interned based.Due to this acquisition, the company no longer offers it cable services and since it offered long distance services, high speed internet and telephone services with over a hundred thousand custo mers in twenty seven states, this services was taken over by Pioneer Telephone.After the company's downfall it retained a skeleton status with more than two hundred and fifty employees mandated to oversee the bankruptcy issues and it is still recognized as a corporate entity which is still struggling to fight its obligations financially and also handle the litigation claims.The Mississippi Company was initially started in the year 1684 and it was a chartered company. It was started on the demand of Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieru de La Salle after he projected it from the year 1660 and later being appointed the Governor of Fort Frontenac, which was at the mouth of River Mississippi.After traveling over the country through the River, he returned to France and there he solicited for the establishment of the company. After he achieved his goal of the company being established, he returned to start his colony but he failed and finally was killed by his men in a mutiny.Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieru de La Salle was succeeded by Pierre Le Moyne d' Iberville who built a fort and succeeded in settling a colony. It was very successful and in 1718 it had already established New Orleans city which was located at the Louisiana territory.John Law, a Scottish businessman gained controlling interest in the company and it was renamed Compaignie d'Occident and its major target was to conduct business and trade with the North American French colonies and much of the Mississippi River basin was located around this area.John Law was also granted a monopoly ranging a period of twenty five years by the government of France to trade with North America and West Indies.The company's success increased and in the year 1719, the company acquired Compagnie de Chine, Compagnie des Indes Orientales and a contingent of other trading companies of France.John Law came up with a marketing scheme which was very effective by all means. that exagerrated Louisiana wealth and this had the effect of leading to wild speculations on the shares of the company in 1719. The company's shares loss to a magnificent 15,000 livres from 500 livres.However, by the summer of 1720, the confidence in the shares declined and hence the price of the shares was back to 500 livres by 1721. The Regent Phillippe II of Orleans dismissed John Law at the end of 1720 and Law consecutively fled France. Â